A comparison of outputs reveals differences:
user@user-VirtualBox:~$ pip list
feedparser (5.1.3)
pip (1.4.1)
setuptools (1.1.5)
wsgiref (0.1.2)
user@user-VirtualBox:~$ pip freeze
feedparser==5.1.3
wsgiref==0.1.2Pip's documentation states
freeze Output installed packages in requirements format.
list List installed packages.but what is "requirements format," and why does pip list generate a more comprehensive list than pip freeze?
8 Answers
When you are using a virtualenv, you can specify a requirements.txt file to install all the dependencies.
A typical usage:
$ pip install -r requirements.txtThe packages need to be in a specific format for pip to understand, which is
feedparser==5.1.3
wsgiref==0.1.2
django==1.4.2
...That is the "requirements format".
Here, django==1.4.2 implies install django version 1.4.2 (even though the latest is 1.6.x).
If you do not specify ==1.4.2, the latest version available would be installed.
You can read more in "Virtualenv and pip Basics", and the official "Requirements File Format" documentation.
9To answer the second part of this question, the two packages shown in pip list but not pip freeze are setuptools (which is easy_install) and pip itself.
It looks like pip freeze just doesn't list packages that pip itself depends on. You may use the --all flag to show also those packages.
From the documentation:
2
--allDo not skip these packages in the output: pip, setuptools, distribute, wheel
The main difference is that the output of pip freeze can be dumped into a requirements.txt file and used later to re-construct the "frozen" environment.
In other words you can run: pip freeze > frozen-requirements.txt on one machine and then later on a different machine or on a clean environment you can do:pip install -r frozen-requirements.txtand you'll get the an identical environment with the exact same dependencies installed as you had in the original environment where you generated the frozen-requirements.txt.
Look at the pip documentation, which describes the functionality of both as:
pip list
List installed packages, including editables.
pip freeze
Output installed packages in requirements format.
So there are two differences:
Output format,
freezegives us the standard requirement format that may be used later withpip install -rto install requirements from.Output content,
pip listinclude editables whichpip freezedoes not.
pip list shows ALL installed packages.
pip freeze shows packages YOU installed via pip (or pipenv if using that tool) command in a requirements format.
Remark below that setuptools, pip, wheel are installed when pipenv shell creates my virtual envelope. These packages were NOT installed by me using pip:
test1 % pipenv shell
Creating a virtualenv for this project…
Pipfile: /Users/terrence/Development/Python/Projects/test1/Pipfile
Using /usr/local/Cellar/pipenv/2018.11.26_3/libexec/bin/python3.8 (3.8.1) to create virtualenv…
⠹ Creating virtual environment...
<SNIP>
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...
done.
✔ Successfully created virtual environment!
<SNIP>Now review & compare the output of the respective commands where I've only installed cool-lib and sampleproject (of which peppercorn is a dependency):
test1 % pip freeze <== Packages I'VE installed w/ pip
-e git+
peppercorn==0.6
sampleproject==1.3.1
test1 % pip list <== All packages, incl. ones I've NOT installed w/ pip
Package Version Location
------------- ------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
cool-lib 0.1 /Users/terrence/.local/share/virtualenvs/test1-y2Zgz1D2/src/cool-lib <== Installed w/ `pip` command
peppercorn 0.6 <== Dependency of "sampleproject"
pip 20.0.2
sampleproject 1.3.1 <== Installed w/ `pip` command
setuptools 45.1.0
wheel 0.34.2My preferred method of generating a requirements file is:
pip list --format=freeze > requirements.txtThis method keeps just the package names and package versions without potentially linking to local file paths which 'pip freeze' alone will sometimes give me. Local file paths in a requirements file make your codebase harder to use for other users and some developers don't know how to fix this so I prefer this method for ease of adoptability.
For those looking for a solution. If you accidentally made pip requirements with pip list instead of pip freeze, and want to convert into pip freeze format. I wrote this R script to do so.
library(tidyverse)
pip_list = read_lines("requirements.txt")
pip_freeze = pip_list %>% str_replace_all(" \\(", "==") %>% str_replace_all("\\)$", "")
pip_freeze %>% write_lines("requirements.txt")pip listList installed packages: show ALL installed packages that even pip installed implictly
pip freezeList installed packages: - list of packages that are installed using pip command
pip freeze has --all flag to show all the packages.
Other difference is the output it renders, that you can check by running the commands.
